How to encourage the frustrated mathematician
We need to think about the language we use in the classroom. Research shows that praising effort rather than intelligence leads to better outcomes.
Have you ever had pupils who believed maths just wasn’t their strength, or who greeted every new concept with murmurs of ‘I’m never going to get this?’ Have you had pupils who stare at word problems, head in hands, feeling more frustrated than confident? If so, follow these tips:
1. Reflect on the language used in the classroom
How can language positively influence pupils who may feel frustrated with mathematical concepts?
Here’s one example. Carol Dweck, a leading educational researcher at Stanford University, asked hundreds of Year 4 pupils to sit a test that was simple enough for all of them to do quite well. Afterward, pupils in one group were praised for their intelligence while pupils in another group were praised for their effort.
As a follow-up, the same pupils were given a choice between an easier test on which they would do quite well and look smart or a test that was more challenging and from which they could learn a lot, even though they might not succeed. Most of the children praised for intelligence chose the test that was easier and that would let them keep on looking smart. But of the pupils praised for effort, the majority, in some studies as many as 90%, chose the more challenging test.
Dweck concluded that when we praise children for their intelligence, we are really telling them to “look smart, don’t risk making mistakes.” On the other hand, when we praise children for effort, they’re more likely to repeat those efforts and to be less concerned with how smart they look.
2. Let pupils make mistakes
The fear of mistakes tends to prevent children from taking risks and embracing challenges. But everybody makes mistakes, and research shows mindset is key to how we bounce back.
A 2011 study by a team of psychologists found that for those with a growth mindset — or the belief that intelligence develops through effort — making mistakes actually led to an increase in electrical activity in the brain, which in turn resulted in greater ‘post-error accuracy’ compared to those who held a more fixed mindset.
The key takeaway is that certain neural mechanisms were activated in those with a growth mindset, leading to more positive outcomes in the learning process.
To aid your learning environment, think about the following:
- Use learning journals as a space to reflect on mathematical mistakes. Pupils can write about:
a. What went wrong?
b. How do I know that?
c. How can I correct it?
d. How does this now make me feel? - Develop some mantras or sayings that children can repeat either to themselves or together in class
- Spend time on and invest in creating a growth mindset in class
3. Never give up on your pupils
This is a simple yet meaningful idea that needs no research to prove. Never giving up on your pupils is key. Do your best to keep things fresh and fun for you and your pupils. The concepts in the Maths — No Problem! textbooks allow so much exploration and high-quality talk to take place in the classroom. The open-ended questions and suggestions are limitless. What it boils down to is you truly believing your pupils can fulfill their potential.
